X-ray sets can be used when electric power is available and the object to be scanned can be taken to the X-ray source and radiographed. The technique allows critical components to be inspected for internal defects without damage. Just as X-rays show a break in a bone, gamma rays show flaws in metal castings or welded joints. The gamma rays, like X-rays, pass through the object and create an image on the film. The capsule is placed on one side of the object being screened, and photographic film is placed on the other side. Instead of the bulky machine needed to produce X-rays, all that is needed to produce effective gamma rays is a small pellet of radioactive material in a sealed titanium capsule. Gamma radiography works in much the same way as X-rays screen luggage at airports.
Industrial gamma radiography exploits the ability of various types of radiation to penetrate materials to different extents. Radioactive materials are used to inspect metal parts and the integrity of welds across a range of industries. Radiotracers are also used in the oil and gas industry to help determine the extent of oil fields. They are particularly useful where process optimization can bring material benefits, such as in the transport of sediments. Radiotracers are used widely in industry to investigate processes and highlight the causes of inefficiency. By adding small amounts of radioactive substances to materials used in various processes it is possible to study the mixing and flow rates of a wide range of materials, including liquids, powders, and gases and to locate leaks. Small concentrations of short-lived isotopes can be detected whilst no residues remain in the environment. Radioisotopes are used by manufacturers as tracers to monitor fluid flow and filtration, detect leaks, and gauge engine wear and corrosion of process equipment. The attributes of naturally decaying atoms, known as radioisotopes, give rise to their multiple applications across many aspects of modern day life (see also information paper on The Many Uses of Nuclear Technology).
Sealed radioactive sources are used in industrial radiography, gauging applications, and mineral analysis.Science and industry use radioisotopes in a variety of ways to improve productivity and, in some cases, to gain information that cannot be obtained in any other way.
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